Transparency and Sustainability: The Role of Global Ethics
William Brent Carper, Dawn Congleton

Abstract
Milton Friedman, once said that, “There is one and only one social responsibility of business—to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”1 Mr. Friedman might respond differently today in light of increasing controversy over ethics and economics. Today every manager deals with ethical issues either in person or by outsourcing them to an accountancy firm who will audit ethical performance of a company. Companies grapple with the wording of ethics policies for fear they will have to follow them. Much research has been done to establish which countries are the most ethical and to encourage developing countries to “play by the rules.” Still, some corruption is inevitable. One Shell executive, working in some of the harshest countries on earth, says the following. “If someone sticks a Kalashinikov through the window of your car and asks for 20 naira, we don’t say that you shouldn’t pay. We say it should be recorded”.

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